Saturday, August 31, 2019

Liberal democracy Essay

As a citizen of a democratic country, we depend too much in our newspapers, magazines, tabloids and all kinds of media for information, mainly because almost everything is shown in it, we don’t even know whether it is true or not, but because this is our flow of society we believe in it. But isn’t it invading our privacy? And our right to live in security? This is journalism the science of ruining or building lives. But primarily its purpose is to expose certain events, critical issues and mainly the lives of people, their private lives that they don’t want other people to know, the exaggerated tales and the gradual destruction of ones life. It is like showing your cards in a poker game without you knowing it, people taking advantage of it and using it against you. Look at the Valerie Plame scandal. After her career has been ruined by exposing her identity as a CIA agent, saying that she have leaked some information as an intelligence officer and making herself a public icon by showing herself in the front page of vanity fair other magazines and newspapers, professional journalists just took off the scene after the case have been dismissed instead of clearing their mistakes. Another example is the paparazzi, they make celebrity lives really difficult and even drive some of them to their deaths because of the stories that they fabricate, the pictures that they took, the private stories and pictures that shouldn’t be known by the public which creates an even more stress and pressure on them. Just like what happen to Princess Diana, who died because of a car accident in Paris, France due to the never ending chase of the paparazzi. In the war between US and Iraq, the progress of the US was certain, the US was reluctant to stop the attacks though the Iraq parliament appealed for a month long cease of attack, what do the media do?! They ignored all the press releases of Iraq and launched a â€Å"shock and Awe† campaign to expose and insult the Iraq parliament, making the situation worse. As what Lt. Col. Oliver North said that the media won’t make them (military troops) safe in the war that has been going on in Iraq, and he also said that it has become a weapon which attacks Iraq that supports the media’s claim that our democracy has attained its limits. Freedom in every little way has also its limitations, though we have equal rights and some believe that it’s the journalist right to do his job, I do also believe that freedom, our liberal rights meets its limits when we are actually hurting somebody because of our so called freedom of expression. Journalism, for the sake of its name creates not only destruction of lives but also of believes and relationship. Little by little, journalism is slowly ignoring our freedom of privacy, it cares for nothing except a good story, an interesting story that may destroy a life, it cares for no one, it exposes everything without even thinking the results of such act and mainly some of stories are exaggerated to give it a more interesting twist. Privacy is an experience that people should have the luxury of using, it is not a piece of data that we can tell everybody whenever we want to, we live in a democratic country, with democratic rights and equal opportunity, we must let everybody have their own piece of security as we do, who would want to live in a world where everything is exposed and there is nothing that you can keep to your self? I wouldn’t and I think no one would want that because if so, why would the government create liberal policy? Why do we want to have security? Journalism is really powerful, it can manipulate us in every way that it wants, it can even made us believe the things that they say; which may and may not be absolutely true, it also create a world of doubts, where we no longer know whether this piece of information is reliable or not, is it true or is it just a fraud? The word fair is not in its vocabulary and even respect. Exposing everything that creates interest to them and to the people, every thing will be exposed with or without consent, launching stories that shouldn’t be known by the public that may cause trouble not only to them but also to the innocent people around. Like when they publicize the American Iraqi war, when they follow people around etc. Isn’t this a clear violation of liberal rights? We must be skeptic of everything that we are told, because we are critical beings, we have our brain enlarged and neurons to use in such cases, we have our own set of opinion, let us become non-conformist and stop the inevitable exploitation of journalism in destroying our liberal rights. What’s the use of liberal democracy if we would allow this journalism to uncover every little piece of information about us? Journalism is like a disease seeping in every hole in our liberal rights, it is a cancer, a malignant one that we can’t seem to fight easily, but it is possible, I’m not saying that journalism only has disadvantages, we know that everything has two sides yet as we weigh their cons and pros we should know that it is slowly killing our democratic rights as a person and as citizen of this country. Let us prove that we value our freedom more than the interesting stories that this journalist made, let us have a world where there is security and freedom to have a private life that every one of us should deserve. Cure the disease that slowly deteriorates the country and make it a place where there will be no lives that are ruined due to exaggerated stories and expose that the media and journalists made. This is a free country, yet freedom in order to remain real should be handed down not only to those who can afford it but to everybody in this nation and in every nation around the world. Journalism should limit their scope and make our lives easier. Stop the exploitation and the lies, journalism must be honest and it should respect our liberal rights so as to avoid misunderstanding and destruction. Works cited: Connors, Michael. Howard’s Australia: The Democratic Paradox. 19 April 2006. August 21 2007. < http://www. newmatilda. com/home/articledetail. asp? ArticleID=1510> Leiby, Richard. Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out Into the Cold . Saturday, October 29, 2005; Page C01. Aug. 20 2007: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/28/AR2005102801172.html

Friday, August 30, 2019

Impact of Interest and taxes on Investment

Abstraction This paper investigates the impact of involvement and revenue enhancements on investing with some altering during the period 1999 – 2009. Investing I as dependant variable and involvement R and revenue enhancements Tare used as independent variable, the ordinary least square ( OLS ) technique has been used to happen relation between revenue enhancements and involvement on investing, in consequences we observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment. Government should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic syst em of Pakistan. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. Introduction Investing in Pakistan is study undertaken by us to supply information on corporate, fiscal, revenue enhancement and general facets of investing in Pakistan. In Pakistan the policies of investing have been characterized by steady moves to deregulating, denationalization and liberalization.. The way of the policies has been consistent, marketed, and business-friendly. The Government has taken major stairss to speed up coders to turn to investors ‘ concerns, new sector and export publicity support steps are being implemented, full support to bing and new investings is being provided, the denationalization plan is being given high precedence, the duty and revenue enhancement systems and related establishments are being restructured, streamlined and a cardinal dismantlement of the bureaucratic civilization is underway. Investing straight hit by the involvement rate and revenue enhancements on the economic system of the state because at the Pakistan semen into being in 1948, when Pakistan economic system wholly depends on the agribusiness after the authorities made a program and developed some industries which fundamentally base of the agricultural merchandises merely like fabric and nutrient treating units. At present the economic system of Pakistan is the twenty-seventh largest economic system in the universe in footings of buying power, and the 48th largest in absolute dollar footings. And now harmonizing to study Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economic system and whose industries come these are fabrics, chemicals, nutrient processing, agribusiness and other industries. Due to Growth of population in the state disturbs the economic growing and secondly disturbs the economic growing due to political instability in the state. In the old ages 1960 the so authorities made a program for economic growing and acquire the consequence on it, on the focal point the south Korea use this policy and now go a tiger in the universe economic system, but due to political instability and every political leader non given the proper attending on the improvement of the economic system of Pakistan but they merely become a selfish for himself due to this Pakistan economic system is severely affected and Pakistan became a hapless province in the universe economic system. Due attending of Musharaf authorities and economic reform the GDP growing, spurred by additions in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8 % scope in 2004-06 In the World Bank named Pakistan the top reformist in its part and in the top 10 reformists globally. Harmonizing to the financial shortage – the consequence of inveterate low revenue enhancement aggregation and increased disbursement, including Reconstruction costs from the lay waste toing Kashmir temblor in 2005 was manageable. Over the last few old ages the Govt. of Pakistani, granted plentiful inducements to engineering companies wishing to make concern in Pakistan. A combination of decade-plus revenue enhancement vacations, zero responsibilities on computing machine imports, authorities inducements for venture capital and a assortment of plans for subsidising proficient instruction, are intended to give drift to the nascent Information Technology industry. This in recent old ages has resulted in impressive growing in that sector. Due to incorrect determination on the political forepart and the authorities himself involved in the war against panic on the petition of the USA the economic system of Pakistan is severely affected and now economic system on the aid of the fund received from the USA authorities.Literature reappraisalTheoretical backgroundInvesting is made if the expected rate of return additions from the involvement rate. Investings are non made when involvement rate increase the expected rate of return.There is negative relationship between involvement rate and investing ; this means that as involvement rate falls, investing rises and the opposite when involvement rate rises there is lessening in investing. The effectivity of pecuniary and financial policies and the attendant prompt of growing can, among other factors, crucially depend on the involvement snap of investing. If investing is strongly determined by rate of involvement, the deduction is that a high degree of aggregative demand can be ac hieved by pecuniary policy. Interest on the investing mean the derived income on it, when any party installed any undertaking and put their sums on it and acquire the return and other beginnings of involvement agencies if the fund invest in the bank and in authorities securities and gets the returns on their investing if rate is higher the income is the higher if the income derived is non sufficient it is lower the rate involvement. Tax on investing is the revenue enhancement on the return earned on it investing every authorities made a budgets and cipher the revenue enhancement aggregation on the side of investing therefore revenue enhancement aggregation is a portion of investing. The chief beginnings for running the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours matter of the state is the revenue enhancement aggregation from the industries or on the involvement derived on the investing fund.In Pakistan monetarily policy is the chief tools of involvement rate if the rate of involvement is higher the investing from domestic and foreign influx in the state and if the involvement rate is lower both domestic and foreign investing is outflow because in developing state depreciation of the currency is the chief menace for the investing If the cardinal bank increase the involvement rate, investing in the industrial sector is non made and people invest their excess financess in the bank and earn net income on it no uncertaint y the revenue enhancement aggregation base made strong but on the other side chance of occupations and development undertaking of the state is cut down and rising prices is rises and rate of the trade goods become dearly-won due to increase the demand from the people if the rate of involvement is low the sufficient financess are invested in the industrial sector because there is no chance is available for the populace to put their fund and earns better net incomes on the other side occupation chance is besides created.Empirical relationM. S. Feldstein, J. S. Flemming ( 1971 ) this paper has used a generalised neoclassical investing map to measure the effects of revenue enhancement policy on investing in Britain during the period from 1954 through 1967. The estimations show that both the accelerated depreciation allowances and the usage of differential revenue enhancement to bring on the keeping of corporate net incomes had significant and important impacts on investing behaviour. Si mulations with the investing equation showed that the additions in depreciation allowances accounted for about 45 per cent of net capital accretion in the period after 1954. Until differential net incomes revenue enhancement ended in 1958, it raised one-year investing by some & A ; lb ; 240 million or about 15 per cent of gross investing. If differential net incomes revenue enhancement had non been abandoned in 1958, the capital stock would hold been greater when the corporation revenue enhancement reintroduced a keeping inducement in 1966. In short, both types of revenue enhancement policy had of import effects on capital accretion. Robert E. Hall ( 1977 ) the response of investing outgo to alterations in involvement rates is at the bosom of any analysis of stabilisation policy. The more sensitive the response, the more potent is pecuniary policy and the weaker is financial outgo policy Economists do non look to be ready to do precise statements about the effects of stabilisation policies on gross national merchandise. This paper has focused on the function of the investing procedure in stabilisation. The IS-LM theoretical account makes it clear how of import the negative response of in- vestment to involvement rates is in restricting the consequence of outgo policy and supplying the chief immediate consequence of pecuniary policy. Empirical grounds on the involvement and gas pedal responses of investing is weak, nevertheless. The computations at the beginning of the paper do propose that the conventional estimation for the consequence of outgo increases-about $ 1.5 billion in GNP in the first twelvemonth for ea ch $ 1 billion of expenditure-is likely on the high side. Indeed, absolutely sensible premises give rise to effects merely half as big. A difficult expression at the limited grounds on the IS curve makes sole trust on outgo policy seem an unwise attack to stabilisation. The same factors that make one policy weak make the other strong. Given the uncertainness about these factors, particularly about the incline of the IS curve, it would do sense to follow balanced combinations of stabilisation policies. The negative covariance of the effects of the policies would do the uncertainness about the consequence of the entire bundle less than the uncertainness about any single constituent. The design of stabilisation policies needs to protect against the really existent possibility of a level IS curve Martin Feldstein ( 1982 ) this paper presents econometric grounds on the consequence of revenue enhancement inducements on concern investing in the United States in the period from 1953 through 1978. The analysis emphasize that the interaction of rising prices and bing revenue enhancement regulations has contributed well to the diminution of concern investing since the late 1960's.He examines how the interaction of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations affects the demand for ingestion in general and for lodging capital in peculiar. Further surveies should be done on the effects of rising prices and revenue enhancement regulations on the demand for authorities debt, on fiscal markets, and on international capital flows. More information about investing behaviour could be developed by using the three theoretical accounts of the current paper on a more disaggregated footing. Lazaros E. Molho ( 1986 ) the intent of this paper is to sharpen apprehension of these two hypotheses through usage of an analytical theoretical account that allows expressed intervention of the inter-temporal facets of the propositions. The theoretical account underscores the interval in the consequence of involvement rates on investing, nest eggs, and asset-holding determinations and shows that the McKinnon-Shaw theses are reciprocally compatible. The McKinnon-Shaw theoretical accounts stress different facets of the effects of involvement rate liberalisation in a financially pent-up economic system. McKinnon ( 1973 ) focused on the linkage between internally financed investing and the sedimentation rate, whereas Shaw ( 1973 ) highlighted the importance of fiscal deepening and external funding. The two attacks complement each other because most undertakings are financed in portion with ain financess and in portion with adoptions. This paper has illustrated how the two positions can be integrated without changing their basic decisions. The theoretical theoretical account presented here has suggested that involvement rates affect expenditure-saving determinations through a complex and, perchance, really long slowdown. Furthermore, in the presence of inflationary uncertainness, the ex ante current existent sedimentation rate may be a map of ex station past rates, farther perplexing this slowdown construction. Statistical trials of the complementarily hypothesis are therefore likely to necessitate long involvement rate series, which may be un- available for many developing states. In position of the serious informations restrictions, it is possibly most desirable to seek to gauge reduced-form nest eggs and investing equations instead than to try a finding of the precise transmittal mechanism for involvement rate alterations. Barry Bosworth and Gary Burtless ( 1992 ) the purpose of this paper is to measure whether the ends of increased labour supply and capital formation were achieved. The paper begins by depicting the revenue enhancement reforms of the 1980s, a more hard undertaking than it may foremost look, since coincident alterations in different commissariats of the revenue enhancement codification frequently had opposite effects. For illustration, lower income revenue enhancements in the early 1980s were equalize for most taxpayers by higher paysheet revenue enhancements. In the undermentioned treatment of the consequence of the revenue enhancement alterations, it should go clear why economic experts disagree. Noticeable additions occurred among earners in the most flush households, who enjoyed the largest fringy revenue enhancement cuts, and particularly among married adult females in those households, who were predicted to be the most antiphonal to revenue enhancement cuts. However, much of the a ddition in labour supply can non be attributed to revenue enhancement reform, since it was concentrated among hapless families that were unaffected by revenue enhancement alterations. Much of the rush in aggregative supply in the 1980s was obviously due to factors other than revenue enhancement reform. The success of revenue enhancement reform in raising labour supply was at least partially offset by its failure to raise or even keep capital investing. While we do non reason that investing revenue enhancement inducements were entirely uneffective, thefact that net investing fell as a portion of national income over the decennary shows the bounds of even monolithic microeconomic revenue enhancement inducements.Modeling ModelThe theoretical account to look into the interaction of involvement rate and revenue enhancements utilizing the investing map frame work. The general investing map is: Where I is investing, R is the involvement rate and T is authorities revenue enhancements The methodological analysis used for the survey is OLS ordinary least square method. The Ordinary Least Squares method of appraisal can easy be extended to theoretical accounts affecting two or more explanatory variables. Study illustrates on variable R and T with I the dependant variable. Therefore the theoretical account is: Where, is the error term, in the above equation and are expected to be positive and: I: investing R: Interest Thymine: TaxsAppraisal and ConsequenceVariableCo-efficientt- statisticsProbabilityC663874.8 3.114399 0.0170R-1.567021 -0.513577 0.6234Thymine1.095007 4.185672 0.0041 R-squared = 0.825423 Adjusted R-squared = 0.775544 F-statistics = 16.54845 The information of dependant variable and independent variable is dependable because ? & A ; lt ; 10 % . So, we can state that the information is dependable. We observed that fluctuation of involvement R and revenue enhancements T has strong consequence on Investing I. But the consequence of F-statistics shows that involvement and revenue enhancements, the independent variables are non strongly set uping investing together, there is no strong relation between involvement and revenue enhancements on Investment.DecisionAfter gauging the old 10 old ages informations of involvement, revenue enhancements and investing of Pakistan, we reached to decision that both revenue enhancements and involvement have a strong impact on investing. Direct revenue enhancements have a strong impact on investing, investor when puting considers the revenue enhancements imposed by the authorities. Interest rate besides have an impact on investing, investor see the cost of capital and return on investing whil e puting, if rate of return is greater than involvement rate and cost of capital than investors invest in the concern. So, we concluded that involvement and revenue enhancements has impact on investing and F-statistics tells us there are some other factors present in economic system that are set uping investing and investing is non merely effected by revenue enhancements and involvement. Other factors may be aggregative ingestion and economy of state, possible income of the state and jurisprudence and order state of affairss etc.Policy RecommendationAt present the authorities of Pakistan and Central Bank of the state uses the tight pecuniary policy under which base rate of involvement is controlled because the state is in clasp of high rising prices and worldwide inauspicious economic status, due to which influx of investing is non coming and on the other side currency depreciation twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours from this involvement rate is non sufficient against their inve sting farther on the other side industrial growing is slow down, due to adverse economic status, this reflect the incompetency on the authorities side. In this status the policy recommendation to turn the investing in Pakistan, authorities should follow the expansionary financial policy i.e. authorities have to take down direct revenue enhancements, give revenue enhancement vacations in some country which will back up investors to put more in economic system of Pakistan. Further authorities should pass more for public assistance of Pakistan to give secure environment for investors. By making this we can turn our industries. On the other side cardinal bank has to play strong function to pull investors to put in economic system by expansionary pecuniary policy either it is qualitative or quantitative. In quantitative policy, in price reduction rate policy, cardinal bank should cut down price reduction rate to pull investors, in unfastened market operation cardinal bank should publish less securities which will increase investing in existent sector, hard currency modesty ratio must be decreased to increase imparting capacity of commercial Bankss to increase investing, in liquidness ratio cardinal bank should cut down liquidness ratio which will increase investing and in recognition rationing limit cardinal bank should increase recognition bound of commercial bank which increases the loaning capacity which increases investing. In qualitative recognition control maximal bound should be increased to increase investing and margin demand should be minimized by cardinal bank on securities to promote investing.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Technological Convergence in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technological Convergence in Business - Essay Example In addition, it can be observed that one of the majority productive benefits that latest technology has provided in interpersonal and e-communication aspects of business department now is definitely the pace of communication among businesses. Since the time required in initiating and getting communication from diverse business units has lessened during the previous few decades. Thus, this thing just confirms that since latest technology progresses, with the pace of the business communication capabilities having great influence on interpersonal communication aspects (Free Articles Directory., 2011). This paper will discuss how key technological events in the last century have changed the way business communication is done by the businesses. Overview During the previous few years, people’s way of communication has altered extremely. Latest technologies which were on the bounds have turned into adamantly a majority. In this e-communication era the development of the internet tech nology has been contrasted with the discovery of the printing-press with respect to its basic affect on how business information is created, utilized and distributed across the world. In addition, this worldwide system and its connected technologies have had an immense influence on business communications, and, next to this, evolutions in the areas of digital imaging technology, digital information processing and storage, and development computerization have expressed again how businesses communicate at every phase of the development (Moukoko, 2011). Moreover, at the moment in this competitive environment every business (regardless of its nature and size) enjoys some type of web based or online existence, offering their clients access to a strong and unlimited client support. Currently, the United Kingdom invests 30 billion yearly on online businesses. In this scenario, e-commerce structures imply that clients are able to buy products and valuable services by clicking a button, and that the company is able to design an impressive performance of client actions. The entire of these technology based evolutions have modernized business communications approximately further than conviction. These capabilities have enhanced interpersonal skills and electric communication in business infrastructure. Furthermore, to improvise business interpersonal skills and e-communication the technology of social networking is possibly the majority modern exhortation within business communications. At the present, companies know that websites similar to Twitter and Facebook are advertising areas they are able use, as well as that they may perhaps as well utilize these websites for networking purposes in addition to clients’ dealings. Thus, due to massive innovations in technology business communications has altered much, and will persist to act as technology develops (Moukoko, 2011). In this era technology looks to be overexcited because of steady developments. Innovative tec hnologies are being introduced continually, as well as the influence this can have upon the field of business communication is immense. Since technology persists to go ahead, it is imperative to appreciate the implication of technology inside the area of business communication. In the business communication technological convergence brought following innovations: (eHow, 2011; McGrath, 2008; Management Study Guide, 2011) Pace Because technology has developed a

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Kuwaits democratic development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Kuwaits democratic development - Research Paper Example This essay declares that in developing the context of democracy, the essential approaches for consideration with relation to the democratic development include the procession of development of civil life from the kin-based origins or the contractual and interest-based styles of leadership . The associations of the ancient worlds are much similar to those of today. In the pursuit of liberation and establishment of civil life, the aspects of cultural origin structure the continuity of rule within the political systems. The rule on interest-based conceptions entails the selection of a leader based on his interest for the subjects. Democracy and development remain the driving forces of the ‘new world order.’ The initial opportunity for engaging in Kuwait was the call to liberate Kuwait from the invasion by the Iraqi forces. This paper makes a conclusion that the development of Kuwait towards democracy has a rich history of turbulent times. The aspect of the government structure of the city-state constitutes vastly in the limitation towards achieving complete democratic establishments . Politics and individual interest in the recourses of the oil-rich country continue to increment the gap towards the development of the city-state into adopting democracy in all its constitutions. Further, the factors of religious beliefs and culture also limit the establishment and achievement of democratic development of Kuwait. These factors result in the retarding growth of Kuwait towards the establishment of democratic development.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

McDonalds global strategic of human resource management Essay

McDonalds global strategic of human resource management - Essay Example Since then, McDonald’s kept growing in terms of business and innovative products and concepts that attracted the international market to acquire franchise stores in their countries. At McDonald’s, learning is highly encouraged. From the setting up of Hamburger University to educate people in the food business, to welcoming students to work part time while offering them a suitable schedule to still accommodate their studies, the company has established its value for learning. Within each store, much learning and development ensue. Employees’ skills and potentials are maximized with effective motivational strategies. Aside from contributing to the improvement of employees, it also redounds to beneficial outcomes for the company. To management, their human resources are the company’s greatest wealth and are worth investing on. They see employees as the primary source of progress in terms of quality and productivity. Employee development takes on a learning or ientation throughout the McDonald’s system. This shows the company’s commitment to empowering their people towards better performance in their work, thereby impacting organizational efficiency. The awards reaped by the company throughout the years prove that McDonald’s is one company committed not only to the highest standards of excellence in the food service industry but also to being a great employer that motivates its employees to strive for their best performance. Employee recognition is one thing McDonald’s believe in. Their recognition programs are designed to reward and recognize worthy employees who exhibit above average performance. The President’s Award is given to the top 1% of individual performers worldwide in the corporate division and region offices. The Circle of Excellence award is bestowed upon top teams who contribute their efforts in advancing the company’s vision (McDonald’s.com) With the purpose of retaining the ir high-performing employees, McDonald’s has also devised ways to keep them such as helping them invest in their futures. Employees have access to financial management services, profit shares in the company as well as long-term incentives. These benefits are granted to key employees who have exhibited sustained quality performance and have impacted long-term value creation in the company (McDonald’s.com). An employee of the month is voted each month and then, each quarter. This motivates the employees to strive hard to be a candidate. The winner gets vouchers as rewards and becomes eligible as candidates towards Employee of the quarter, and rewards are increased as the employee goes up the hierarchy of the award. Another motivational scheme for employee development is rewarding employees for their loyalty to the company in the longevity of their employment. Employees who stay at McDonalds from 5 years are given monetary rewards every 5 years, and this increases in valu e every time. The foregoing is what is publicized as McDonald’s profile as an employer. However, a different case seems to be recognized in its branches in Europe. Although it has exerted much effort in preventing the formation of unions amongst their employees, discontent in some still manage to seep through (Royle, 2002). McDonald’s in Europe face a greater challenge in terms of its employment of culturally diverse workers with varying ages and qualifications (Royle, 1999). This paper discusses such issues on how the company has dealt with such challenges in its

Monday, August 26, 2019

Forensic Chemical Pathology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Forensic Chemical Pathology - Essay Example First is through the sublingual or (buccal) cavity where some drugs are administered into the body beneath the tongue or the cheek from where they are absorbed from the animal body into the human circulation system (Houck and Siegel, 2006). These drugs are also administered orally, this the most method used in drug administration into the body by many individuals. In addition, the drug can be introduced through rectal organ, a method mostly used in children (Houck and Siegel, 2006). Besides entrance organs, the drugs can also be administered through, parenteral routes that is, through intravenous injection, intra-arterial injection, inhalation, intramuscular injection and topically through the eye, skin and intra-vaginal parts. This is the process by which drug molecules passes from the administration site to the circulation system in the body of human being. This process applies to all forms of drug administration routes except through injections where drug is introduced directly into the blood system (Houck and Siegel, 2006). The absorption of the drug demands that absorption of drug should move from cell to cell through permeable membranes. The process of blood absorption takes place through passive diffusion into the circulatory system of the body. The rate at which the drug is absorbed into the body is always relative to the concentration of the drug taken (Houck and Siegel, 2006). These drugs absorption can therefore take place through lipid diffusion in the cells or by aqueous concentration of solution or by active method. Drug distribution, is the process by which the drug taken leaves the circulation system and moves into the tissues and organs of the body. This process is made possible by diffusion into interstitial fluid and other cells from the circulation. Besides drugs can be transported through active method in hepatic cells, from where they go through enzymatic biotransformation (Houck and Siegel,

Sunday, August 25, 2019

IT Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT Security - Essay Example For any information system to be operational, government mandated compliances need to be undertaken by the chief information officer (CIO) and government officers. For a system to pass these security compliances it must meet the criteria set for; the system boundaries for the hardware, software, users and interactions with the environment must be clearly defined so as to assess any threats. Therefore, a CIO must provide a plan of action for the system and also state any contingency measures needed in the case of a security threat. Moreover, the chief information officer then gets certification and accreditation from the government once this is achieved (Enloe, 2002). Information systems are required to be secure in order to facilitate business success and their resilience in the changing information society. This means that a CIO ought to ensure that the system is secure enough to deliver vital information and services at the right time with no compromise. This is because secure syst ems increase public confidence and trust in the organization and in their products or services. Information security also ensures that performance of all the stakeholders in the organizations from management to junior staff is effective (Bowen, Chew and Hash, 2007). In addition, security also reduces the chances of risk to the organization and protects the integrity of the information or data stored in the organization. In the design of an information system, the CIO needs to be aware of information security elements, which must be in line with government mandated compliance. Moreover, considering that security planning of a system it is very important for a CIO to know who accesses the system at any time, and thus, the role of an information system officer in the system needs to be understood and clearly defined (Enloe, 2002). The authorizing officers in the organization and other users including the management need to be issued with access codes for authorization. Through this he will track and know who accessed the system at what time and which information was accessed or modified with use of these codes. The CIO should provide the management with the capital estimates required in running and maintaining the whole system and the time required to change or upgrade the system. In addition, he must conduct awareness and training campaigns on the whole organizations. This is to educate the users of a system on the different types of security threats present and how to evade them. Thus, a CIO is required to conduct risk assessment for the organization management, and explain to the personnel and management how the system will meet the organization’s mission and goals (Enloe, 2002). To this effect, the CIO must design a system that provides as stated in NIST: â€Å"Information security protection from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, disruption and modification of information.† The system must also comply with the standards set up for policie s, procedures and guidelines by national law and legislations. The CIO is also responsible for developing and maintaining agency wide information security programs, policies and control techniques for the organizations systems. Moreover, he is required to develop disaster recovery management program, to

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Hypothesis Testin Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypothesis Testin Paper - Essay Example It is a hypothesis which states that there is no difference between the procedures and is denoted by H0. The following test of hypothesis can be conducted from the table above: Test Statistic: It is the random variable X whose value is tested to arrive at a decision. The Central Limit Theorem states that for large sample sizes (n > 30) drawn randomly from a population, the distribution of the means of those samples will approximate normality, even when the data in the parent population are not distributed normally. A z statistic is usually used for large sample sizes (n > 30), but often large samples are not easy to obtain, in which case the t-distribution can be used. The population standard deviation s is estimated by the sample standard deviation, s. Rejection Region: It is the part of the sample space (critical region) where the null hypothesis H0 is rejected. The size of this region is determined by the probability (a) of the sample point falling in the critical region when H0 is true. a is also known as the level of significance, the probability of the value of the random variable falling in the critical region. Also it should be noted that the term "Statistical significance" refers only to the rejection of a null hypothesis at some level a. It implies only that the observed difference between the sample statistic and the mean of the sampling distribution did not occur by chance alone. The critical t value is obtained according to the degrees of freedom The resulting t test values are shown in this table: t-test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Upstream Downstream Mean 6.6539 8.6874 Variance 0.2124 0.2988 Observations 10 10 Pooled Variance 0.2556 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 Degrees of freedom

Friday, August 23, 2019

What best explains peoples willingness to work hard Essay

What best explains peoples willingness to work hard - Essay Example Motivation is something abstract and the difficulties arise when one tries to explain its meaning and application. A wide variety of assumptions have been made on motivation by observing the resultant behaviour of motivation. Based on these assumptions and research findings, motivation has been defined in a number of ways. Vroom defines motivation as a process, which governs choices made by persons or lower organisms among alternative forms of voluntary activity. (Vroom, 1964 as cited in Putti) Motivations are the act of inducing an individual to follow a desired course of action. The desired course of action may be for the good of the individual or for the one who is inducing the individual towards a desired course of action or both. Zedeck and blood contend that motivation is a predisposition to act in a specific goal-directed way. (Sedeck & Blood, 1974 as cited in Putti) Atchison further defines Motivation as the immediate influence on the direction, vigor, and persistence of beha viour. (Atchison, 1964 as cited in Putti) on the other hand Gellerman defines motivation as steering one’s actions towards certain goals and committing a certain part of one’s energies to reach them. (Gellerman, 1963 as cited in Putti) In the view of Shartle, motivation is â€Å"a reported urge or tension to move in a given direction or to achieve a certain goal. (Shartle, 1956 as cited in Putti) Hence, Motivation can make the employees get all the targets settled by the Organisations. There are several ways by which employees can be motivated the most important is to address the needs of the employees. Just as the definition of basic human needs is a highly complex task, it naturally follows that there are no easy assumptions concerning what employees really want from the organisation. In various surveys, the following are some of the more typically specified wants. The first and the

Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare - Essay Example Thirty days before the leave, a notice should be given to the employer, or in case of emergency, as soon as possible. Employers can also ask for a medical certificate of the employee, spouse, and son, relative or of whoever has a serious illness that causes the leave. Upon the return of any employee from a leave, his position, benefits, salary and other conditions should still be the same. ( U.S. Office of Personnel Management) Accidents can never be avoided and it comes very unexpectedly. That is why the worker's compensation law was imposed to ensure the medical support that an employee will receive in case of an accident. The worker's compensation law has several benefits available depending on the different factors such as the graveness of the injury, the ability of the worker in his work, the level of his disability whether it will be permanent or temporarily only, the availability of his job, and the need for health assistance. The compensation is usually calculated as two-thirds of the gross average weekly salary of the employee. (Moorehead) One type of benefit includes the medical treatment for the job injury or disease which is only available while recuperating and have'nt reached the maximum recovery. For a case of an intense injury or disease, medical benefits may last a lifetime. The employer is resposible for all the medical expenses of the injured employee including the health services, supplies, medicines, and other necessary care without deductible pay from the employee. Temporary weekly benefits willl be granted while the worker is unable to work because of his injury or disease and will end when he returned to work or when the doctor certifies that he has recovered. The compensation will not be paid in the first week of the temporary total disability unless it resulted a disability of more than fourteen days, but the compensation will be paid from the date of disability. (Moorehead) When an employee has reached his maximum healing but still unable to work, such as when you injure your eyes, back and other body parts that will not function as good as before, permanent partial disability benefits should be granted with the appropriate percentage loss or malfunctioning of the body parts. Limits on compensation depends on the body part that is not functioning well and to the empployee's weekly compensation rate. This is paid together with the temporary total disability benefits. (Moorehead) In case of a very severe injury that it is no longer enabling the employee to be engaged in any kinds of work, a permanent total benefit is entitled to him wherein he will be given a five hundred weeks of compensation plus a lifetime medical treatment for his injury. If unluckily, the employee died within two years of disability, or while the total disability continues or within six years after the accident, the relatives of the diseased employee should receive 66.67 percent of his weekly wages for a period of 5five hundred weeks. (Moorehead) The Occupational Safety and Health Act

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Summer Essay Essay Example for Free

Summer Essay Essay On a hot summer day, a great place to go is to the beach. You would go out to the beach to enjoy the water, the sun, the activities that are happening, or just to be with family and friends. When youre at the beach, there are some very distinct smells. You can smell the salt from the water along with the heat from the sand. My most favourite smell of all is the sweet coconut smell of sun tanning lotion that people put on themselves while they lay into the sun to basically cook. If youre looking for a quiet day of relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. The beach is always really loud throughout the day. You can hear the loud motors of the boats and the waves of the water as they come crashing through to shore. Youll definitely be able to hear the laughter and the excitement of the kids of all ages as they splash around, play games, and build sandcastles. While youre at the beach you can always get involved in some fun activities, if you arent able to relax. You can go fishing, if you like touching the slimy scales of the fish and the soft touch of the cold water. Just make sure you dont get the rough, coarse sand in your shorts because you wont like that too much. Overall the beach is lots of fun to go to, if you just want to get away from the busy everyday city life. If you are there early enough, you will be able to see a beautiful, bright sunrise and if you enjoy staying out on the beach until the evening, Im sure you can catch a calming and loving sunset. After the sun has gone down for the night, you can sit in the sand and stare up at the amazing dark blue sky and bright shining stars.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Importance Of Media In Sport

Importance Of Media In Sport The first ever televised football match was shown by the BBC 12 Months After the service was born. Viewers watched 12 months before the match purely through excitement of which the two teams were to play. On the 16th of September 1937, Arsenal and Arsenal Reserved played each other in the first ever televised match. The first ever televised International match was between Scotland and England on 9th April 1938. Through the years television viewers have increased along with the popularity of sport. More sporting channels are available to watch on the television as a variety of providers such as Sky and Virgin are constantly upgrading and adding a wider variety of sports channels which includes many different sports. Per person in Britain the average viewing time on television a week is 25 hours. Sports channel viewers increase every day which means more of the 25 hours watched are spent watching sport. There are two bodies in Britain responsible for television and these are: The British Broadcasting Corporation  (BBC), which broadcasts television and radio programmes; The Independent Television Commission  (ITC), which licences and regulates commercial television service including cable, satellite and independent teletext services; (1) Showing times and slots for programmes are decided by these bodies and most of the times are decided by the shows popularity with the viewers. Ofcom (Office of Communications) is a company which licences all television services across the UK. They have a broadcasting code which all broadcasters must stick to and follow. Viewers are entitled to watch certain sports events free of charge through the BBC such as the Olympics, The Ashes and World Cup matches in football. Snooker and Rugby events are also provided free of charge by the BBC. Sky and Virgin sports channels cost money as they are sold as a package deal but money is also generated through offering of extra sport channels such as ESPN and Extreme Sports. Pay per View channels provide special events in Boxing and other sports such as wrestling. These events cost money but the viewer has the option whether to watch or not. Radio On January 15th 1927, The Rugby Union was the very first sport to be broadcasted on the radio. The match was between Wales and England and it took place at Twickenham. The radio is very important when relating to sport as it gives live commentary of a wide range of sports around the world. During sporting events many members of the public may not have access to a television as they may be at work or travelling. A radio is very accessible for example cars and mobile phones provide connections to radio signals. In many careers today workplaces allow radios to be listened to during work time. Football matches and also many other sports can be tuned into when a television cant be accessed. BBC Radio 5 is a very popular station for Sporting action, news and updates. Continental AM is the most popular sports news radio station in the UK. In the United States ESPN is the most popular as it covers Americas most popular sports such as baseball and American football. Both of these radio stations are majorly popular partly due to that they broadcast the worlds biggest sporting event which is The World Cup. Many people own mp3 players and i pods which also have access to radio stations. This is very useful when travelling by train or bus. Airplanes also provide headphones to allow passengers to listen to radio stations. Depending on the time of travel many sports events can be tuned into. Newspapers/Press Before television was invented a newspaper was the main source for accessing sports news and updates. The New York Times was the first ever newspaper to include a sports section. This idea grew at a very fast rate and more newspapers around the world began designating an area in their paper purely for sporting context. Below is a list of the UKs most popular newspapers: Top 10 UK Daily Newspapers 1 The Sun  (2,955,957) 2 Daily Mail  (2,096,074) 3 Daily Mirror  (1,239,691) 4 Daily Star  (823,025) 5 Daily Telegraph  (683,220) 6 Daily Express  (665,731) 7 The Times  (506,997) 8 Financial Times  (386,590) 9 Daily Record  (328,183) 10 The Guardian  (288,917) (2) The Sun is the most popular newspaper as shown above and it also has a sports section at the back of the newspaper. The problem with this is that The Suns information is believed to be not entirely accurate. Each newspaper has many different journalists. Cadwick and Nancarrow are the main sports editors for The Sun and are considered as major press to sports performers and managers. When editors gather information it can be totally altered for production and viewers interest. The Daily Mail is another popular newspaper for sport and it provides news and results for the following sports: boxing, football, rugby, tennis, snooker, golf and horse racing. The content produced in these sports includes information on different levels for example school football results. Newspapers are printed daily which is beneficial for finding recent and up to date sports information. Internet In the past decade the internet has became the main source of communication as well as promoting sporting information and news updates. The internet itself is found on many devices today such as laptops and mobile phones. This makes the internet very accessible no matter where you are located. Every day more sports facts and information is added to the internet which can be discussed through email or chat rooms. For example Facebook is the worlds largest social network website with a substantial figure of more than 500 million users. Sports updates and results are posted on this website which means a huge amount of the public have access to them. As well as social interaction to discuss sport there are also individual websites which give information in depth on upcoming and present sports events and competitions. It can be argued that the internet has now taken over television and radio regarding recent news and worldwide updates. Therefore the most viewed sports channels are now con verted onto the internet which allows the public to access live sports action and results through their computer. For those interested in predicting the outcome of these events, several gambling websites regarding sport have been launched and are now available for internet users. This is extremely convenient and efficient as the public can play a part in the sporting action straight from their online device. Sports advertisement is escalating on the internet which promotes a variety of sports and gets online users interested. Developing role models Role models are a major part of promoting sport around the world. Performers at the peak of their individual sport become a role model to sports fans and inspire youths to try hard to better their personal ability. When most people think of a sports role model the majority of the public would say the name David Beckham. David is without a doubt a main role model figure in sport around the world as he promotes football through advertisements such as television adverts and internet advertisements. Scotland also has role models in a variety of sports such as tennis star Andrew Murray. This 23 year old athlete is currently ranked number 1 in Britain and number 5 in the world. Many young performers look up to Andrew and try to excel in sport as he has. Sponsorships play a huge role in promoting sport and role models are usually sponsored by main sports labels such as Adidas and Nike. Andrew Murray appears in Adidas adverts on television and the internet which promotes tennis and sporting activity. Being a major role model in sport also comes with a certain amount of pressure. Most of Scotland relies on performers such as Andrew Murray to succeed and represent their country. The performer stresses about winning as failure may ruin their role model reputation and decrease their national popularity. National Identity This is when the nation unites or comes together and supports a national team in a major sporting event such as The World Cup. Advertisements through television, radio and the internet promote national status and increase the nations interest and support. Scotland is a very patriotic country and when a major sport event arises everyone shows full support by gathering together to watch the event or uniting and chanting the national anthem. All over the nation the event will be discussed and a high number of supporters will where Scottish tartan or kilts to show their full support. The events stadium or venue will be guaranteed a full capacity to represent the whole nations support. Agencies such as the S.F.A promote Scotland in major competitions and the management team are put under a lot of pressure to live up to this positive promotion. Both managers and performers are pressured due to national identity as they dont want to let the whole nation down and look to be a disappointment. National support plays a massive part on sport success because it increases the players confidence and belief in their countries ability to succeed. Conclusion This report showed the importance of different forms of media and how they influence sport. Technology is constantly improving hopefully new forms of media will be produced. Each form has its own individual benefits and they all play a part in promoting sport and advertising events. As described, role models and national support promote and increase sport interest and involvement around the world.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Business Strategy in a Global Environment

Business Strategy in a Global Environment Globalization is the eminent icon of the 1990s, and in the twenty first century. Globalization is absolutely soaring and gearing up dynamically competing lifes real scenes. Globalization refers to the growth and status of trade and investment, clustered by the growth in international business fields, and the integration of economies penetrating all corners of the world. Strategy Paradoxes and Debates The term strategy anchors its definition basically sprouting from military fields and origins and has been expanded into the business world and context where several authors and researchers have spread arguments and debates on strategy concerning both quantitative and qualitative manifestations and processes. Strategy in business is coined to survival; the battleground and arena during a match, or a game. Jarvis (2005) highlights the 5Ps concept of Mintzberg observing the term strategy which primarily means plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective. The Coca Cola Bottling Company has all these 5 Ps in particular and all companies in general. Strategy is a ploy which basically refers to any artifice, maneuver, trick, or game to outwit and defeat a competitor or rival raising an anticipation of what we are going to do to confuse, shake, deter, prompt or deceive competitor to perform a move or not to move at all. It articulates the necessary steps to be done like creating a pattern (as a post hoc application), reflecting on the done action with its pattern consistency whether or not its planned and intended. Seeing the pattern means its an intentional strategy showing the pattern stems from the plan. But theres no managing and supervising intentionality. So there are two types of strategy distinguishing such intention; namely, deliberate strategy and emergent strategy. Strategy as a position is pushed with the idea and analogy from the military view, Ill take care of the waves whilst, you take care of the ripples referring on the emphasis of tactics. Position strategy simply stares its focus on where you are standing or sitting for you to view your horizon and whole landscape in the world of business relating to the context or internal and external situation. Such position projects the relation and status within the competitive arena and the existing co-operative interrelations matching ones organization, team, or department against others and rivals and the lobbying environmental demands. Moreover, strategy-as-position situates different and several players not just one-to-one competition. A company that exposes itself to a market cubbyhole and tight competition is trying to position itself to secure, to brace sustainable competitive advantage. Strategy as perspective refers to the group of strategy creators or makers with their whims, views, retrospection, predilections, and preferences affecting the organization. Thus, strategy is a body of ideas, insights, anticipations and imperatives spoken and aired by a group of people articulated in different types of conversations and of distinct degrees of importance wherein ideas and propositions are scattered for a collective forum which is either imposed or consensus. Global Market Models and Concepts and Analysis Managers must be conscious that markets, supplies, investors, locations, partners, and competitors can be anywhere in the world. Successful businesses will take advantage of opportunities wherever they are and will be prepared for downfalls. Evidently, successful managers, in this environment, need to understand the similarities and differences across national boundaries, in order to utilize the opportunities and deal with the potential downfalls. In developing appropriate global strategies, managers need to take the benefits and drawbacks of globalization into account. A global strategy must be in the context of events around the globe, as well as those at home. International strategy is the continuous and comprehensive management technique designed to help companies operate and compete effectively across national boundaries. While companies top managers typically develop global strategies, they rely on all levels of management in order to implement these strategies successfully. Th e methods companies use to accomplish the goals of these strategies take a host of forms. For example, some companies form partnerships with companies in other countries, others acquire companies in other countries, others still develop products, services, and marketing campaigns designed to appeal to customers in other countries. Some rudimentary aspects of international strategies mirror domestic strategies in that companies must determine what products or services to sell, where and how to sell them, where and how they will produce or provide them, and how they will compete with other companies in the industry in accordance with company goals. The development of international strategies entails attention to other details that seldom, if ever, come into play in the domestic market. These other areas of concern stem from cultural, geographic, and political differences. Consequently, while a company only has to develop a strategy taking into account known governmental regulations, o ne language (generally), and one currency in a domestic market, it must consider and plan for different levels and kinds of governmental regulation, multiple currencies, and several languages in the global market (Heil 2010). Company Strategic Decisions for Sustainable Competitive Advantage Arie de Geus (1997) spelled out that a company with needs has the key characteristics he called a living company because it is helping itself. He stressed four key traits: (1) sensitivity to the business environment which reflects the ability and capability to learn and adjust; (2) cohesion and identity or the ability to create a community with vision, personality, and purpose; (3) tolerance and decentralization or the ability to build relationships; and, (4) conservative financing. Strategic Management is a constant object of curiosity among psychologists and thinkers. On several occasions, senior managers are asked how they come up with strategic decisions. They have one pattern of making these crucial and company-light decisions. One would suppose these to be mathematical, based on rigid rules of logic or statistical treatments. But heres the catch: The managers decisions were product of informal data gathering, intuition, innovation, and oral exchanges in 2-way communications. These managers have the feel of the whole situation besetting their companies and their impulse always has an accompanying relevance. Their minds transcend logical rules that are immutable and mechanical and perhaps by age and experience, they acquired an almost instantaneous and discrimination of what is effective and practical. They give a whole new meaning to the words feeling, judgment, common sense, proportion, balance, and appropriateness. They use these terms to effect viable ac tions that would sustain their companies in the tests of domestic or external competition, recession, changing market attitudes, inflation, to mention only the majors. These street-smart guys are not much into science when they make a decision. Instead, they stay at the helm of art which is a combination of wisdom, experience, common sense, and a lot of prudence and daring. Senior managers usually see problems of their companies as big opportunities in disguise. They remain flexible in finding ways but that does not mean foolish weighing the indefinite till the situation clears or worsens. They are flexible in making solutions to give provisions for modifications, adjustments, shifts, or even u-turn without compromising company principles. They are not namby-pambies who are easily swayed by fashion. They are as hard as nails on standards of excellence. Hence, they inspire, and prod those below them to follow suit and commit to live action. They are virtuosos in motivating people and so people tick to grow the limbs of their action plans and visions. It was noted in many studies conducted in most industrialized countries that executives are investing much of their time developing a circle of relationships. Thence, they gain insights and details to be applied in forming concrete strategic decisions. They have the inclination to use mental simulations and they display some gift of seeing with their minds. Intuition is the guiding light of the day and even after office hours, they would re-run what else can be done if strategy A should need a remedy. So before any pitfall or backsliding, there reserved a fallback program to reinforce the existing. Funny as it sounds but executives can sense first what they are going to do before they can explain why. No calculations but deep in their brain cells and feeling, this is the way to salvation and promised land. The way might not be a bay of plenty but they are sure when the dusts subside the rays of their strategy would save the organization. Information may change overnight and strategic planning is complex but they know how to combat challenges with concrete interventions. With the advent of technology, senior managers are more and more relieved of the so called strategic planning. Information Technology at last has created a great divide between senior managers and operational level managers. Through sophisticated programs on the computer, any manager can already function as an independent segment albeit following the general threads of the company culture. All that top brass management would do is to inspire, delegate, assess and appraise their subjects. They provide the vision, specify the substance, and direct the institutional goals. Their managers are expected to facilitate process, action plans, and fill out forms to make way for effective documentation, work accomplishment, accounting procedures, marketing, manpower accountability and networking. Executive leaders have followers, while managers have subordinates, according to an analyst. Managers are oftentimes blamed for the bankruptcy of businesses in America in the 1970s and 80s. Leaders make decisions while managers usually execute them. Leaders are careful to choose their managers because lack of leadership down the line can antagonize the growth of the whole organization. Normally, strategic decision-making takes place on two levels: aggregate and individual. Both of these are geared towards getting attention, storing information through encoding, retrieval thereof, strategic choosing, feedback and outcome. Aggregate and individual strategies are interdependent and they harmonize with each other in all stages of the organization. While it is true that aggregate is more supreme than the individual strategy, it is the individual that feeds to the strength of the aggregate. The aggregate can only sound strong on paper but without the individual strategy which is the action level that extends to clients, customers, consumers, financiers, lenders and debtors, it can just be a lameduck-a print of strong accent without teeth or bite because there is no execution by junior vice presidents, section managers, team leaders, and the rank and file. . Johnson, Scholes and Whittington in corporate strategy present a model in which strategic alternatives and options are evaluated against three key success criteria: suitability, feasibility, and acceptability. (1) Suitability. It gears to answer security questions such as Would it work?, Does it make sense to economy?, Would the organization obtain economies of scale, economies of scope, or experience economy? Would it be suitable in terms of environment and capabilities? Ranking strategic options and decision trees are the measuring tools to evaluate suitability. (2) Feasibility. Can it be made to work?. It is concern whether the resources required to carry the strategy are available and can be obtained and developed. Its resources include funding, people, time, and information. Consequently, cash flow analysis and forecasting, break-even analysis, and resource deployment analysis are the scaling tools for it. (3) Acceptability. Would this make sense among stakeholders? Would shareholders, company employees and customers respond with the targeted product or performance outcomes? What about returns? Will it yield the projected benefits by the stakeholders in terms of dollars or other essentials (financial and non-financial)? For instance, shareholders would anticipate the growth of their capital or wealth, employees would aim for the upliftment in their careers and customers would expect added value for money. When strategy fails, the probability of risks arisesfinancial or otherwise. These risks could be shareholders going against the issuing of new shares or employees and unions picketing against outsourcing for fear of losing their jobs. Most likely too, customers would have paranoia over a merger as regards quality and support. What-if analyses are tools employed to evaluate acceptability. Global Market Models and Concept Analysis In the midst of global market tight business competition models and concepts analysis is crucial and vital. Thus, any business manager must discern and decide whats the best move or course of action to be undertaken to outwit and win the market place and patrons. Several concept analysis are designed for managers to scrutinize business status to have an equilibrium and project sustainable competitive advantage among others in the field. One of these types is SWOT Analysis. A good look at the internal and external environment is an indispensable part of strategic planning. Environmental attributes internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W),while those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). This analysis is referred to as SWOT analysis. This analysis provides insights that are keyl in matching the firms assets and capacities vis-Ã  -vis the competitive environment in which it exists. Therefore, it is crucial in strategy formulation and selection. What are strengths? The firms or companys strengths are its assets, resources and capabilities that can be utilized as the foundation for mapping out a competitive edge. Some of these are patents, reputed brand names, established repute among customers, cost advantages, exclusive access to precious natural resources and favorable access to marketing outlets. Weakness is of course the opposite of strengths like lack of patent protection, a so-so brand name, ill-repute among customers, high price structure, lack of access to the best raw materials or natural resources, and worst, lack of access to strong distribution channels. Take the case in which a firm has a large amount of manufacturing capacity. While this ability may be considered as a strength that competitors do not share, it also may be a considered as a weakness if the large investment in manufacturing capacity hinderss the firm from reacting quickly to shifts or fluctuations in the marketplace. Furthermore, opportunities may mean income and growth; like, a wanting in customer need, invention of new technologies, loosening of legal hindrances and lifting of international business hurdles. Moreover, threats are the present and intervening factors in the external environment; like changes in consumer tastes deviating from the firms product lines, introduction of rival products, new legalities and regulations, and further increase in trade barriers. Any company should not singly invest into very encouraging opportunities. Rather, it should have the caution and prescience to better understanding and analysis of a doable course of action to gain that competitive advantage by determining a blend between the companys strengths and upcoming opportunities. S-O strategies run after chances that are a good addition to the companys strengths. W-O strategies fiscalize weaknesses to run after opportunities. S-T strategies map out ways that the firm can use its strengths to minimize its exposure to external threats. W-T strategies create a defensive plan to protect the firms weak spots from making it highly exposed to outside threats. Another tool used to scan the environment in the business field is the PEST Analysis. This is a sophisticated external macro-environment probing that manifest how firm processing can be expressed in terms of the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors. Oftentimes, the acronym PEST (is made as STEP) is employed to describe a framework for the synthesis of macro-environmental factors. Political factors are government laws and legal issues and ascribe both formal and informal rules in which the firm must worklike tax policies, employment measures, environmental ordinances, trade barriers and taxes, and political instability. Economic factors include the purchasing power of prospective customers and the firms capitallike economic improvement, interest rates, exchange and inflation rates. Social factors involve the demographic and cultural facets of the outside macro-environment. These factors have direct effect on customer needs and the size of potential market bases like health consciousness, growth of population, age brackets, career paths, and consciousness on safety. Finally, technological factors can lower if not eliminate barriers to entry, cut the minimum efficient production stages, and highly affect outsourcing decisions; like, RD activity, automation schemes, technological incentives, and rate of technological change. In order to appraise, analyze and assess finished activities which will eventually create a companys competitive edge, a chain of value-creating activities must be in place. Michael Porter outlined a set of many generic activities common to a wide range of firms. Accordingly, the objective of such activities is to foster worth that exceeds the cost of providing the product or service. In consequence, this will generate profits as customers want worth congruent to costs. Everyone wants worth as tantamount to price so such value-creating activities is a very good psychology applied to business. If only all businesses employ this action plan, then what a better consumer base they create and a whole lot happier people they would account in their following. Another concern tackles inbound logistics which embraces the receipt, warehousing, and inventory of company input and output materials; operations are the value-creating tasks that transform the inputs into the finished product or outcome; outbound logistics are responsible for the finished product to reach the customer, including but not limited to warehousing, delivery and the like. Marketing sales are any effortstangible or not, direct or indirect, intentional or by chance-are those activities that have something to do with getting consumers to buy the product, channel selection, advertising, pricing, and much more. Service activities are those of maintenance and enhancing effect to the product value inclusive of customer support, repair services, etc. All of these vital activities are effective in developing companys competitive advantage. Logistics, as we all know, are crucial and vital for a contracting company to to distribute services, while service activities are the main focus for a company that offers on-site maintenance contracts for office supplies and machines. In addition, there are also at least four generic areas of support activities ensuring firm sustainability in the business shark-infested watersamong others, procurement, technology development, human resource management, and firm. Procurement entails the role of buying the raw materials and other essentials in the value-creating undertakings. Technology development includes studies and development, process machination, and other technology gadgets used to enhance the value-chain activities. Human Resource Management, are the tasks that include recruitement, enrichment, and just compensation of workers. Firm infrastructures are those activities of the finance, legal, quality, and management departments. Support activities are termed as overhead but some firms have sparingly used them to maintain a competitive advantage. For example, a company can do outreach works, medical missions, gift-giving to indigents, of renovation of a neglected public hospital. This can also take the forms of donating to a charity, to a depressed area because of typhoons, floods, or quake-shaken areas. These activities require definition, linkages, and coordination between and among partner companies, with the consent and knowledge of the customer base. Sufficient and effective media publishing through print, broadcast or satellite means can be employed to maximize efforts to establish such elusive state of companys competitive edge. It is a matter of concerted effort, a must-have if companies h ave to outlive and outdo competitors. A perfect grasp of interdependence and mutual benefit must be clear to make all strategies work for the betterment of the organization. If support is not totally ensured, then at least, majority of suppliers, advertisers, as well as the general public are involved. If response is not favorable, then executives have to do some side stepping, even taking back alleys so the companys goals will be served. If executives back out, then, what a pity to the organization. A company needs a sure-fire executive in the face of uncertainties. Hence, executives must see a rundown of these activities before implementation. That is why there is what we call value system. Great companies have very strong value systems that new hires would either subscribe to it or leave it. There is simply no half-way house in these great companies. In exchange, they offer palatable salaries, fringes, and other opportunities of growth-monetary, career or physical growth. In closing, strategies are useless unless acted upon, applied, or animated to make the company prosper side by side with competitive edge. With the fangs of globalization threatening to devour the weak and unprepared, executives of the 21st Century has many assignments to do. These begin from mapping out a vision, a mission, then the strategies needed to make these dreams come into fruition. Gone were the days when companies would only wait for customers to take their products because of limited choice or monopoly. Today, more than any era of the past, business is very precarious and risky. Hard earned capitals are washed away overnight once investment is not done with caution, sustainability and competitive edge. Only those who have the edge would survive. Application: The Coca Cola Bottling Company: Coca Cola soft drink was nothing but a local concoction in America. It was concocted by Dr. John S. Pemberta in Atlanta, Georgia. Frank Robinson, bookkeeper, suggested the name and crafted it in free hand script which stood the odds of changes till this very day. From a local drink, the founders of the company planned to market it on statewide scale. Their ploy is to give its package a handsome look so it would appeal to skeptical drinkers. The design of the brand name has been a consistent pattern to make sure the name will be associated with thirst quenching. Their marketers are very aggressive and effective that very soon after their debut in the drinking arena they salvaged the prime spot in the soft drink industry. They arrogate to themselves the saying, Get Ready for Tomorrow Today,-their corporate way of positioning. Their perspective to be global came into reality, riding in that slogan, Open Happiness! They convince people through ads that Coca Cola can refresh the world, can inspire to make people optimistic. In other words, they exist to make a difference. And then their advertisements are apt for specific seasons. During winter time, they show Santa Claus merrily dash through the skies as he drinks coca cola in his chariot on reindeers. During summertime, the theme, red hot summer is bannered on company sponsored parties. Before the competition could catch up, Coca Cola also introduces hundreds of other delights in its product line. But a wit may ask, how do they capitalize on their strengths, and address their weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, including antagonisms from politics, economy, society, and technology? They look ahead. They analyze trends that shape business in the future and adjust accordingly for whats to take place. Coca Cola was abreast with the Y2K scare along with giants in the business world. Hence, they won together with their bottling partners and financing allies. Concerning the current global crisis, the company is not at all hampered by leaps and bounds because it is consumer-based. The company applies core values on leadership (the resolve to create a better future), collaboration (collective ingenuity), integrity (being real), accountability (or responsibility), passion (heart-mind commitment), diversity (create more and more), and quality (doing well) as its anchor in its vision 2020. In addition, even their managers get out into the market and listen. They observe and learn. Coca Cola people possess a world view and they are curious to sift whats new. And lest we forget: They remain constructively discontent on their achievements, new markets and prospects. They are a cool bunch with a singular vision: To refresh the world. Sources: The Coca Cola Company 2009. Year in Review. Web. Retrieved 21 October 2010 from http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html Questions and Answers from Yahoo.com 2008 Web. Retrieved 21 October 2010 from http://www.righthealth.com/topic/Who_Invented_Coca_Cola Bradford, Robert W., Duncan, Peter J., Tarcy, Brian, Simplified Strategic Planning: A No-Nonsense Guide for Busy People Who Want Results Fast! Available from: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/. [10 October, 2010]. Heil, Karl 2010. Strategy in the Global Environment. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Geus, Arie de 1997. The Living Company. Available from: http://www.ariedegeus.com/ and [10 October, 2010]. Jarvis, Chris 2005. Business Open Learning Archive. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Quickmba.com 2010. Strategic Management. Available from: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/. [10 October, 2010]. Quickmba.com 2010. Strategic Management. Available from: . [10 October, 2010]. Wikipedia.org computer software 2009. 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Monday, August 19, 2019

Essay on the Voice of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God

The Powerful Voice of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God The world of Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God was one of oppression and disappointment. She left the world of her suffocating grandmother to live with a man whom she did not love, and in fact did not even know. She then left him to marry another man who offered her wealth in terms of material possessions but left her in utter spiritual poverty. After her second husband's death, she claims responsibility and control of her own life, and through her shared love with her new husband, Teacake, she is able to overcome her status of oppression. Zora Neale Hurston artfully and effectively shows this victory over oppression throughout the book through her use of language. Her use of such stylistic devices as free indidrect discourse and signifting allow her to use language as power; the power for a black woman to realize her own potential. The voice which Hurston creates is marked by her intertwining of black vernacular and standard English to create a seemless, fluid narration. The combination of the two seemingly dichotomous aspects of language is called the "speakerly text" by Henry Louis Gates in his essay of the same name, and is also more commonly called free indirect discourse. The scene in which Mayor Starks, Janie's husband, has erected the new street lamp for the town, exemplifies Hurston's use of free indirect discourse. Janie and her husband first speak to each other using the recognizable black dialect of the region: "Well, honey, how yuh like bein' Mrs. Mayor?" "It's all right Ah reckon, but don't yuh think it keeps us in a kinda strain?" The omniscient third person narrator then captures J... ...pjc.cc.fl.us/hooks/Zora.html Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper & Row, 1937. Johnson, Barbara. "Metaphor, Metonymy and Voice in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. " 'Tuh de Horizon and Back': The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Pondrom, Cyrena N. "The Role of Myth in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." American Literature 58.2 (May 1986): 181-202. Williams, Shirley Anne. Forward. Their Eyes Were Watching God. By Zora Neale Hurston. New York: Bantam-Dell, 1937. xv.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Jeffery Dahmer Essay example -- Serial Killer - Cannibal

Jeffery Dahmer is arguably the most notorious serial killer -cannibal in history. Targeting men and boys, Dahmer‘s life of crime began with drinking and sex offending. His murders were exceptionally gruesome, often involving rape, torture, necrophilia, dismemberment, and cannibalism. The media often commented on how â€Å"normal† Dahmer appeared. Jeffrey Dahmer made everyone question how one develops into such a monster. By the time of his apprehension, Dahmer had sodomized, murdered, and cannibalized at least seventeen men, mostly black, Hispanic or Asian, in the Milwaukee area between the years of 1978 until his arrest in 1991 (Williams pg.1). Jeffrey Dahmer was born in Milwaukee on May 21, 1960, to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. Despite the difficulties of Joyce's pregnancy, he was wanted and adored as a child. By all accounts, Dahmer displayed traits of a happy, bubbly youngster. However, several events from his childhood indicated that the young boy was becoming more and more disturbed. When Jeff was four, his father swept out the remains of some small animals from under the house. As his father gathered the tiny animal bones, Jeff seemed strangely entertained by the sound they made (Bardsley Ch. 13). At the young age of six, Dahmer suffered a double hernia and needed surgery to correct the problem. After the operation, he was never the same socially. Adding insult to injury, the family then moved from Iowa to Ohio where it became apparent Dahmer had grown distant, shy, and nearly uncommunicative (Bardsley Ch. 13). As a young student, Dahmer, very fond of one of his elementary school teachers, took her a bowl of tadpoles he had caught. Soon Dahmer learned that his teacher had given the tadpoles to his friend Lee. He ... ...rocess of ‘walking through’, in which the patient and therapist examine the same issues repeatedly in the course of several sessions, each time with greater clarity. This process is enduring, usually lasting for a number of years (Comer 41). Due to the presence of such a multitude of abnormal behaviors, the most helpful form of psychodynamic treatment available would be the short-term psychodynamic therapies that focus on one individual issue at a time. Perhaps the abnormalities could have been deciphered and treated separately through this type of therapy in order to improve his behavior. It is impossible to say for sure, but had Dahmer sought or been forced into treatment for his many abnormal behaviors, therapists may have been reasonably successful in identifying the underlying causes before he felt compelled to take innocent lives.

Personal Narrative- Ridicule of a Child :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Ridicule of a Child â€Å"Why do you ask?... Well, she’s weird.... For instance, she wears black outfits that cling to her body with red spandex.... No I’m serious. Her hair is half black and half blonde, too.... The other day she was walking down the hall with a red feathered boa wrapped around her neck.. .. Yeah, I see her every day sifting by herself in a corner all the time. . . . I guess you can’t blame her. What did happen to her when she was little?† â€Å"Oooonnnncccceeee I was at hhhhoooommmmeeee, and I ssssaaaawwww...† We despised the way her heart-shaped lips gawked open as she slurred her words. Mary Beth sounded like a lost, bleating lamb. She was the most entertaining character to imitate when my friends and I were at slumber parties. We all perfected the rhythmic pattern of her speech. And then there was her appearance. Mary Beth’s gangly body towered over the other fourth graders, and her lemon-blonde hair rested on her shoulders in knotted clumps. Strands of hair constantly fell in front of her face, and she would constantly sculpt them behind her ear. Every day she came dressed for school in brilliant colored leggings partially covered by a relaxed sweatshirt unevenly rolled at the sleeves. Her plump belly took shape under her shirts, creasing slightly, like a curtain conforming to its width. Her feet plowed into her white Keds and snuggled inside fluorescent socks scrunched at the ankle. Mary Beth’s Keds curved toward each other as she stepped, and it was evident she was pigeon-toed. (This was another characteristic we loved to imitate.) I saw her ferociously sprint during gym and on our Field Day. It was dreadful. Her leg stampeded into each other in an effort to run straight. Her arms flung back and forth anxiously like an ape’s, and I could see her tongue sticking out of her crooked mouth in determination. She was hopeless. Autumn was approaching, and so was Mary Beth’s birthday party. Incredibly, all the girls invited, including me, showed up. We even brought presents, the ones our moms had carefully picked out in consideration. We were too reluctant and far too busy with our own lives to shop for a person we mocked. The arrival of girls seemed unrealistic until I discovered why they had come. It was a party, who wouldn’t show up?

Saturday, August 17, 2019

School Essay

7 PERIOD IF I WERE PRESIDENT ESSAY! If I were president, two of my main focuses would be reducing job cuts and going make more jobs. My first plan of action would be to reduce gas prices by not importing oil; I would drill it here in the U. S. That would slowly build us more money, meaning less job cuts. Also, we could reduce the mass production of sweets and would save money by not using factories as much, also reducing pollution in the air, which is one way to go green. Recently the company of IBM in San Francisco cut 1,500 employees.Getting fired for no reason is hard, harder than being fired for a reason. What Peter Arnett once said, â€Å"I am still in shock and awe at being fired. † This is what every one of those 1,500 employees were thinking. So, once we slowly earned enough money by keeping the candy production reduced and oil drilled in our country, we might be able to stop job cuts for good. Another act would be to raise cigarette prices. My reason for this action i s that if I did raise the price, it would give smokers yet another reason to quit smoking, lowering the death rate a little bit too.After that, I then would make marijuana legal for medical purposes, because marijuana can be healthy in certain cases, for example, if you have arthritis, it can help a bit, but it will only be legal if prescribed by your doctor, or citizens could easily use it for the wrong purposes. Also I would keep the tax level in the United States the same, because the government would need the money for the plans I would have just executed, and to keep your money balanced, similar to how wolves keep the deer population balanced.My last and final act would be trying to make peace with as many countries as I could, but at the same time still having war with the countries I haven’t made peace with. Then, with the countries I made peace with, I would trade with them goods with goods so both of us could easily get what we can’t reach. Plus, if I don†™t make peace with other countries, I would make or try to grow goods here in the US so we don’t have to import and waste time, gas, and money.While we are superpowers in the eyes of the world, I believe there are things that must be changed to reflect the fame and superiority associated with America in the international arena. If I were a president, I would strive to accomplish three major issues. To begin with, to ensure food security and better health care, second, would improve the education system of our country, third, I would ensure that our every American is secure. I have to admit that a government which is not able to feed its citizens has no reason of being in power.A healthy nation is very vital in sustainable development since a nation cannot develop when the citizen continuously suffer from different diseases. As stated above, my first task is to strive to enhance food security in my country. According to Mwaniki (‘n. d’), food security is a situa tion in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to adequate, safe and healthful food to meet their dietetic needs and food preferences for active strong life.Having minded the challenge it offers. There is need for targeted food security interventions, including food support in the form of direct food relief, food stamps, or indirectly through subsidized food production. Most of the farmers in the rural areas are poor and therefore cannot manage to purchase heavy machines for mechanization. As the president I strive for the introduction of Rural off farm opportunities to enable even the poorest people to engage in and provide additional food supply.This mechanism will even provide financial assistance for the farmers, processing firms to be introduced in these places. This mechanism provides alternative sources of food and change in feeding habits. Another important aspect that is needed is facilitation of market access. To achieve this, I intend to ensure good governance. This plays an integral part in implementation of this intervention. Without good governance, the strategies cannot be fully implemented due to problems for instance corruption.In essence, where there is sufficient supply of food, the nation becomes healthy hence rapid economic growth. Ensuring substantial education for all citizens is the foundation of the rationality of a particular community. A learned society is easy to govern compared to a society full of ignorant individuals. To improve our education system, I have considered the following measures; Training colleges for teachers must be restructured to more extensive teaching mechanisms. This intends to have more qualified and motivated teachers.This I intend to achieve to restore the dignity of institutions and the teaching profession. Free forum for teachers where teachers and students can exchange their ideas, experiences, and information must be adopted. This is to create a conducive atmosphere for learnin g. As the President I will give direction to execute some reforms in the curriculum and examination system. Since education should form the whole person, it should be made relevant to the lives of the citizens particularly the students.The system of education should be more pragmatic rather than being abstract and examination should not be geared towards obtaining grades and papers but towards achieving the whole personhood. Since the world is dynamic, there a need to introduce the use of information and communication technology system in our schools. This is to facilitate and enhance coordination among different departments in our schools. This requires installation of computer software as well as connectivity facilities. Lastly, everyone has a right to access to education and therefore I will ensure that no one is deprived of education.Even the minorities are to benefit fro this plans which also intends to offer free high school and college education to accommodate even the less f ortunate. Food security and health services, education and security within our borders play an integral role in sustainable development and the general welfare of the people. To eliminate ignorance in people by improving the education system from a theoretical sense to a pragmatic one will help to improve the economy of the country. I believe with my natural feeling to lead this country can drive me on towards achieving these goals

Friday, August 16, 2019

National Integration in India. Essay

National Integration is a feeling that binds together the citizens of our country and make us to think and act as if we are one. India is a land of diversity. There are many languages, religions, castes, races and cultures in India. Since ancient times, people belonging to different communities, races, religion and cultural groups have been living in harmony. Toleration is characteristic feature of India’s culture and heritage. During the Mughal and British rule, there had been many attempts to weaken this unity. Using the policy of divide and rule, they created a disunity among the people by instigating communal feelings. National Integration is of great significance in a country like India where varied cultures, religions and languages exist. Integration is not achieved in India because of communalism, castism and linguistic differences. The need for national integration is of utmost importance at this period of India’s history. National integration is very essential for social peace and harmony. No progress can be made in the field of art, literature, science, technology and economy without integration. India cannot play an effective role in the international arena unless she sets her own house in order. We cannot enjoy peace and security unless there is mutual trust and good will among all sections of our people. For national integration , it is very essential that people should give up communal and sectarial outlook. They should consider themselves as Indians first and Indians last .The evils of casteism and linguistic isolation should be rooted out. Economic inequalities among the people should also be removed. Only in this manner can we lay the foundation of a strong and united India.